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Direct-Indirect Speech - Simple Sentences

आइए देखें कि हम Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलने के लिए क्या बदलाव करते हैं:

Let's see what changes we make to convert Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:

Example: Direct Speech	Avyan said to Vartika, "I have broken my toys."
Example: Indirect Speech	Avyan told Vartika that he had broken his toys.
Heads	In Direct Speech	Changed in Indirect Speech
Reporting Verb	said to	told
Inverted Commas	, "..."	Removed and used 'that' to join both parts
Pronoun of Reported Speech	I, my	he, his
Reported Speech Verb/Tense	Helping verb 'have'/Present Perfect Tense	Helping verb 'had'/Past Perfect Tense

General Rules for Simple Sentences

Rule No. 1

सबसे पहले, हम रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब को देखते हैं। रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब किसी ऑब्जेक्ट के साथ या बिना ऑब्जेक्ट के आ सकता है। जब यह ऑब्जेक्ट के बिना आता है, तो ऐसा लगता है - रिपोर्टर ‘say/says/will say/said’, और जब यह एक ऑब्जेक्ट के साथ आता है, तो ऐसा लगता है - रिपोर्टर ‘say to/says to/will say to/said to’.	First of all, we see the Reporting Verb. Reporting Verb can come with an object or without an object. When it comes without object, it looks like – Reporter say/says/will say/said, and when it comes with an object, it looks like – Reporter 'say to/says to/will say to/said' to An Object.
यदि रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब ऑब्जेक्ट के बिना है, तो रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब - ‘say/says/will say/said’ अपरिवर्तित रहती है और जब रिपोर्टिंग वर्ब किसी ऑब्जेक्ट के साथ आती है, तो परिवर्तन इस तरह से होते हैं:	If Reporting Verb is without object, the Reporting Verbs - 'say/says/will say/said' remain unchanged and when the Reporting Verb comes with an object, the changes happen in this way:

Reporting Verb without Object	No change in Indirect Speech	Reprting Verb with Object	Changed to in Indirect Speech
say,	say	say to ...	tell ...
says,	says	says to ...	tells ...
will say,	will say	will say to ...	will tell ...
said,	said	said to ...	told ...

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